ALZ Alaska Blog

For most people, the end of Daylight Saving Time means an extra hour of sleep. But for people living with Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia, the time change can increase the disorientation that comes with “sundowning”, symptoms that may persist through the long winter months.In Alaska, the loss of sunlight during winter can further exacerbate these challenges.

For the more than 25,000 Alaskan family members who serve as unpaid caregivers for 8,400 loved ones living with Alzheimer’s disease, the time change and prolonged darkness serve as an important reminder to watch for behavioral changes in the weeks and months ahead.

What is sundowning?
Sundowning refers to a group of symptoms that often occur in people with dementia, typically in the late afternoon and evening hours. These can include anxiety, sadness, restlessness, hallucinations, delusions, sudden mood swings, increased confusion, and bursts of energy. Disruptions in the body’s sleep–wake cycle, such as those caused by the end of Daylight Saving Time, can make these symptoms worse.

“While the cause of sundowning is unclear, there are steps that families can take to help manage sundowning in their loved one,” said Debra Antista-Bianchi, an Alzheimer’s Association employee. “The more we understand about sundowning, the better we can help our loved ones cope with the discomfort it can cause them.”

Tips for coping with sundowning
The Alzheimer’s Association offers the following tips to help caregivers manage sundowning in their loved ones:

• Get plenty of rest. As a caregiver, fatigue can affect your tone and body language, which a person living with dementia may pick up on.
• Promote calm and security. People living with dementia are sensitive to the emotions of those around them. A peaceful environment can help reduce stress.
• Schedule wisely. Plan activities like appointments, errands, or bathing in the morning or early afternoon, when your loved one is more alert.
• Look for patterns. Keep notes about what happens before sundowning events to help identify possible triggers.
• Reduce evening stimulation. Turn off loud music or the TV and avoid stressful tasks in the evening.
• Adjust meals. Offer a larger meal at lunch and keep dinner lighter.
• Keep lighting consistent. A well-lit home in the evening can help minimize confusion.
• Avoid restraint. Physical restraint can make agitation worse.
• Allow movement. Supervised pacing or walking can help relieve restlessness.
• Encourage daytime exercise. A walk outside or dancing to music together can help release energy and promote better sleep.
• Consult your doctor. Ask about medication timing and discuss next steps if behavioral or environmental changes aren’t helping.

Alzheimer’s disease is the sixth-leading cause of death in the United States. More than 6 million Americans, including 8,400 Alaskans, are living with the disease. By understanding sundowning and preparing for Alaska’s darker months, caregivers can help their loved ones feel safer and more comfortable through the changing seasons.

If you or someone you know needs support, the Alzheimer’s Association Alaska Chapter and Alzheimer’s Resource of Alaska offer free education, caregiver support, and a 24/7 Helpline at 800.272.3900. You don’t have to face this alone, help and hope are always within reach.